INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam 2026 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

The incorrect options can be eliminated by analyzing the type of forces involved. Option A refers to thermal forces, which are mainly related to temperature rather than adhesion. Magnetic and static forces, as mentioned in option B, do not play a significant role in the initial attachment of bacteria. Option D, mechanical and adhesive forces, are not specific enough to explain the initial adhesion of bacteria. On the other hand, van der Waals and electrostatic forces are the most common and significant types of forces that facilitate the initial adhesion and attachment of bacteria. These forces are present between the bacteria and the surface they are attaching to, allowing them to overcome repulsive forces and adhere.